ConclusionsSex education materials should be reviewed and updated periodically to reflect progress being made on the issues and the handling of the subject matter. In each country, the curriculum should address the issue of respecting differences in sexual orientation, preference, and identity, and especially, an appropriate approach toward sexually-transmitted infection (STI) prevention education among males who have sex with males.
Efforts to assess the programs’ effectiveness should consider outcomes, such as biomarkers (STI incidence and prevalence and pregnancy), not just indicators of self-reported sexual knowledge and behavior.